1- acute chest syndrome

1- clinical manifestation of sickle cell anaemia

2- chest pain , tachypnea , fever , cough and arterial oxygen desaturation.

3- can mimic pneumonia , pulmonary emboli , bone marrow infarction and embolism , myocardial ischemia or in situ lung infarction .

4- pulmonary infarction or pneumonia are the most frequent underlying conditions or concomitant conditions .

5-repeated episodes correlate with reduced survival

6-chronic acute or subacute pulmonary crises lead to pulmonary hypertension and corpulmonale an increasingly common cause of death as patients survive into adult life.